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temperature during seedling emergence is critical for infection. Soil temperatures below 12 °C are most conducive for this disease and infection does…
the stomata or directly by penetrating the cuticula. For germination free water is required. For most downy mildews, the optimum temperature is around…
much or too little water), or that are damaged by for example handling or pests. Optimum temperature for Pestalotiopsis clavispora is 19-23 °C and…
conditions favourable for the bacteria, the whole plant will wilt soon after the first symptoms appear. When conditions are less conducive for disease…
Life cycle and appearance of Verticillium wilt Verticillium dahliae survives for prolonged time periods (many years) in the soil as microsclerotia,…
nivale (formerly known as Monographella nivalis ), is a significant concern for cereal crop growers worldwide. This disease primarily affects the…
the main source of dispersal of disease upwards in the crop and the conidia for spread of the disease downwards. Damage symptoms Mycosphaerella…
in the next season. The optimum temperature for germination is 3-8 °C and it takes three to ten weeks for germination. The seedlings are infected…
contact with water for no more than a few hours. Powdery mildew spores, either ascospores or conidia, don’t need nutrients or water for germination.…
(RH). The optimum temperature for germination of the conidia is between 20 and 25 °C. The ascospores are responsible for wind dispersal of the fungus…
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