exit hole in the leaf with its mouth parts. After roughly one hour the larva crawls out of the leaf and falls to the ground. This occurs in the early…
years for the larvae to fully develop. The grubs are 10 to 20 mm in the first autumn, 30 to 35 mm by the following autumn, and 40 to 46 mm in the…
lay their eggs mainly on the underside of the leaf or on the fruit surface. The elongated, oval eggs are firmly attached to the surface and are rather…
(with a dark brown band in the females and two red bands in the males) and the hindwings (bright orange) ensure that the moths of the species are easy…
roughly one hour the larva crawls out of the leaf and falls to the ground. This occurs in the early morning. The larva crawls into the ground to…
rather than eggs and that the progeny are clones of the adult female. The nymphs feed in colonies on the shoots at the top of the plant. Nymphs…
weevil Damage symptoms The major damage is caused by the feeding of the larvae on the roots. After the roots have been destroyed the larvae move into…
up to 3.5 mm in the fourth instar. The pupa is brown and is 2.9-4.5 mm long. The horse-chestnut leaf miner overwinters in the pupal stage in a cocoon…
lost before the harvest is affected. The size of a leaf tunnel depends on the stage of development of the leaf, the species of host plant and the…
expressed in the number of weeks during which the agent remains harmful for the natural enemies. Only after the indicated period can the parasite or…
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