leaf surfaces, fruits, and stems of plants. On palms, Boisduval scales are normally found on the leaves and stems. Toxic saliva injected while feeding…
at the top of the plant. Nymphs progress through five nymphal instars. Normally apterous (wingless) adults are produced but winged adults occur under
the lateral yellow lines. There are three pairs of prolegs, instead of the normal five and therefore the caterpillar moves with the same looping…
absorption. Chafer larvae (grubs) have brown heads and whitish bodies, and normally lie in a characteristic 'C-shaped' position. They possess three…
viability of oak trees. However, this is usually less of a problem as the trees normally recover from this. More important is the health risk posed to…
one finds intermediate forms of tunnelling between these ‘plate mines’ and normal mines, making it an unreliable criterion for the identification of…
later changes to dark reddish-brown The life cycle of T. pityocampa is normally annual but may extend over 2 years at high altitude or in northern…
in ornamentals. The larvae inject enzymes into the plant that alter their normal physiological processes. In some host plants, this can cause damage,…
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