Life cycle and appearance of Verticillium wilt Verticillium dahliae survives for prolonged time periods (many years) in the soil as microsclerotia,…
the main source of dispersal of disease upwards in the crop and the conidia for spread of the disease downwards. Damage symptoms Mycosphaerella…
in the next season. The optimum temperature for germination is 3-8 °C and it takes three to ten weeks for germination. The seedlings are infected…
contact with water for no more than a few hours. Powdery mildew spores, either ascospores or conidia, don’t need nutrients or water for germination.…
(RH). The optimum temperature for germination of the conidia is between 20 and 25 °C. The ascospores are responsible for wind dispersal of the fungus…
general, most Fusarium specieshave a similar life cycle. Fusarium overwinters for many years in the soil and on crop residues of infected plants as…
s this increases to 12-28 hours of leaf wetness for successful infection. Conidia also need water for germination. Damage symptoms Venturia inaequalis…
temperatures between 15 and 23 °C and higher water content than is optimal for crop growth. Phytophthora overwinters in roots, infected tubers and…
carotovora or Pectobacterium carovora infects plants through fresh wounds, for example pruning wounds. It cannot infect healthy green leaves, but can…
plants that are in a sub-optimal condition or suffer from stress, caused for example by too much water, too high or low temperatures or sudden…
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